No absolute date establishedWhat a document says
In letter LXV of the inspected Melmoth–Bosanquet translation, Pliny the Younger compares the eruption cloud to a pine tree and says its mountain of origin was initially uncertain at his viewing distance.
What this does and does not establish: This is the wording of a historical English translation of a retrospective letter. The original Latin was not checked, and no absolute eruption date is established here.
From Pliny the Younger’s eruption letters
Source checked 2026-11-04 · Read the sourceNo absolute date establishedWhat a document says
In the inspected letter LXV, Pliny the Younger conjectures that his uncle died from suffocation by noxious vapour, mentioning his uncle’s weak and often inflamed throat.
What this does and does not establish: This is the narrator’s conjecture, not a medically established diagnosis. The letter places Pliny the Younger at Misenum rather than at his uncle’s death scene; he describes using both his own observations and information received soon afterwards.
From Pliny the Younger’s eruption letters
Source checked 2026-11-04 · Read the sourceNo absolute date establishedAttributed account, undated
In the inspected letter LXVI, Pliny the Younger reports hearing claims that parts of Misenum had fallen or were burning, and says those reports were false.
What this does and does not establish: This is Pliny’s attributed evaluation of rumours, not an independent survey of all damage at Misenum.
From Pliny the Younger’s eruption letters
Source checked 2026-11-04 · Read the sourceDocument year AD 1946What a document says
The preamble of the inspected Japanese Constitution declares that sovereign power resides with the people.
What this does and does not establish: Documentary provision, not evidence of universal implementation. Listed under 1946, the year of official proclamation, not the date it took effect. English is an AI working translation of the Japanese source, not an official translation or a broader legal interpretation. The Japanese term 国民 appears as “the people” in the preamble and “nationals” in these article translations; these renderings do not settle its legal scope.
From Japan’s Constitution
Source checked 2026-11-04 · Read the sourceDocument year AD 1946What a document says
Article 14 of the inspected Japanese Constitution states that all nationals are equal under the law and shall not be discriminated against in political, economic or social relations on the grounds of race, creed, sex, social status or family origin.
What this does and does not establish: Documentary provision, not evidence of universal implementation. Listed under 1946, the year of official proclamation, not the date it took effect. English is an AI working translation of the Japanese source, not an official translation or a broader legal interpretation. The Japanese term 国民 appears as “the people” in the preamble and “nationals” in these article translations; these renderings do not settle its legal scope.
From Japan’s Constitution
Source checked 2026-11-04 · Read the sourceDocument year AD 1946What a document says
Article 26 of the inspected Japanese Constitution states that all nationals have a right to receive education equally according to ability as provided by law, and an obligation to have the children under their care receive ordinary education as provided by law; compulsory education is free.
What this does and does not establish: Documentary provision, not evidence of universal implementation. Listed under 1946, the year of official proclamation, not the date it took effect. English is an AI working translation of the Japanese source, not an official translation or a broader legal interpretation. The Japanese term 国民 appears as “the people” in the preamble and “nationals” in these article translations; these renderings do not settle its legal scope.
From Japan’s Constitution
Source checked 2026-11-04 · Read the sourceDocument year AD 1840What a document says
The inspected English text of the Treaty of Waitangi, Article the First, says that the chiefs cede to the Queen of England all rights and powers of sovereignty over their respective territories.
What this does and does not establish: A claim about the English text only, not a conclusion about the Māori text, historical consent, legal interpretation, or implementation.
From The Treaty of Waitangi texts
Source checked 2026-11-04 · Read the sourceDocument year AD 1840What a document says
The inspected Māori text, Ko te Tuatahi, uses the expression “te Kawanatanga katoa o o ratou wenua” in describing what the chiefs give to the Queen of England.
What this does and does not establish: The original term Kawanatanga is retained. The working translation does not establish equivalence with sovereignty in the separate English text, nor settle historical understanding or legal interpretation.
From The Treaty of Waitangi texts
Source checked 2026-11-04 · Read the sourceDocument year AD 1840What a document says
Article the Second of the inspected English treaty text guarantees full, exclusive and undisturbed possession of the listed lands and properties while their holders wish to retain them; the chiefs yield to the Queen an exclusive right of preemption over lands the proprietors are willing to alienate at agreed prices.
What this does and does not establish: The possession guarantee and the proviso concerning the exclusive right of preemption must be read together. The term preemption is retained as written, without settling its legal interpretation. This is the English documentary wording, not proof of compliance, consent, or equivalence to the separate Māori text.
From The Treaty of Waitangi texts
Source checked 2026-11-04 · Read the sourceApproximate range AD 100–199Approximate date
Date in the source: ca. 138–161 CE; API numeric search bounds 100–199
The Metropolitan Museum of Art catalogue identifies object 253386 (accession 33.11.3) as “Marble portrait of the emperor Antoninus Pius”, assigns the cultural label “Roman”, gives the material as “Marble”, and displays the date “ca. 138–161 CE”.
What this does and does not establish: A source-attributed catalogue description, not independently established material, identity, origin or exact manufacture date. No image or physical object was inspected. The API numeric bounds are 100–199, broader than its displayed approximate date ca. 138–161 CE; this discrepancy is retained, not resolved. Navigation uses the broader API bounds only as an approximate discovery interval.
From Three museum catalogue entries
Source checked 2026-11-04 · Read the sourceApproximate range AD 800–899Approximate date
Date in the source: 9th century; API numeric search bounds 800–899
The Metropolitan Museum of Art catalogue identifies object 42390 (accession 1980.365) as “Bowl”, assigns the cultural label “China”, gives the material as “Stoneware with white slip and glaze”, and displays the date “9th century”.
What this does and does not establish: A source-attributed catalogue description, not independently established material, identity, origin or exact manufacture date. No image or physical object was inspected. The API gives numeric bounds 800–899 alongside “9th century”; these database bounds are retained without redefining the conventional ordinal-century boundary or claiming exact manufacture in any year.
From Three museum catalogue entries
Source checked 2026-11-04 · Read the sourceApproximate range AD 100–800Approximate date
Date in the source: 100–800; API numeric search bounds 100–800
The Metropolitan Museum of Art catalogue identifies object 501851 (accession 89.4.1285) as “Trumpet”, assigns the cultural label “Moche”, gives the material as “Clay”, and displays the date “100–800”.
What this does and does not establish: A source-attributed catalogue description, not independently established material, identity, origin or exact manufacture date. No image or physical object was inspected. The broad 100–800 range is not evidence for activity in every intervening year. The museum country field is a present-day geographic locator, not a claim of an ancient national border.
From Three museum catalogue entries
Source checked 2026-11-04 · Read the source